常見皮膚病 列表

鉻過敏(chromium contact dermatitis)3p
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鉻過敏(chromium contact dermatitis)

鉻是一種常見金屬,是地殼中含量居第四位的元素,而鉻過敏在一些研究中發生率也高達6%,且一旦產生,不易消失。鉻過敏主要是因為接觸水泥內的鉻而引起,但在水泥內添加ferrous sulphate後,將水溶性各含量降至2ppm後,因為水泥而引起過敏者已經下降。據一份丹麥研究顯示其鉻過敏者,因此由1985年的3·6%,降至1995 年的1%,不過在2007年研究中,又升高到3·6%,主要鉻來源是皮革。根據成功大學醫學院職業病防治中心與勞委會合作,針對南部 2,000 多位水泥工人發出問卷,有效樣本為 1,230人,男性 669 人、女性 561 人。高達 1 6 的勞工對鉻過敏,與國內其他工作族中,對鉻過敏的勞工只有 5 %,顯然水泥業勞工發生皮膚炎的情形是一般勞工的 2 倍多。

其他接觸來源包括居家的黃色化妝品' 

  • Anticorrosives
  • Anti-rust coatings
  • Anti-rust primer paints
  • Ashes
  • Artificial flowers
  • Batteries
  • Bleachers
  • Boiler linings
  • Ceramics
  • Cigarettes
  • Cement
  • Coolant oils
  • Cosmetics (mascara/eye shadow0
  • Cutting oils
  • Defatting solvent
  • Detergents and bleaches
  • Dyes (textile)
  • Enamel
  • Engraving solutions
  • Explosives
  • Fabrics
  • Foundry sand
  • Furniture polishes
  • Glues
  • Green baize for cards, snooker, billiard table tops
  • Homeopathic drugs
  • Ink
  • Leather goods (e.g. gloves, shoes, hats, wallets, bags, clothes)
  • Magnetic tapes
  • Matches (safety)
  • Metal alloys
  • Milk testers
  • Mortar
  • Newspaper
  • Offset printing
  • Oil from metal working
  • Orthopaedic pins or screws
  • Pacemaker
  • Paint
  • Paper (photocopy paper)
  • Photography
  • Polishes & waxes (shoes, floor, etc)
  • Postage stamps
  • Quicklime
  • Refractory materials
  • Rubber gloves
  • Shoe polish
  • Shoes
  • Solvent
  • Surgical (chromic) gut suture
  • Tattoo dye
  • Test reagent (laboratory)
  • Textile dyes
  • TV screens
  • Welding
  • Wood preservatives
  • 鉻常見於飲食當中,一般每天約會攝取到150-280μg的鉻,在飲食中以肉、酵母及穀類含量較高,一般研究指出鉻在周圍含量依次為土壤: 10-200μg/g,植物: 0.05-0.5μg/g,動物: 0.01-0.3μg/g,水中: 0.1-0.5μg/L。以 下食物被認為有較高含量,包括meat, whole grains, legumes, nuts, brewer's yeast, black pepper and other spices, raw sugar, bran cereals, green beans, broccoli, grape juice, orange juice, apple, banana, potato, garlic, red wine, tea and coffee,而蔗糖及葡萄糖等單糖則不只含量低,也會使身體的鉻流失。

    如果基於治療需要要降低體內鉻含量,可以採用以下步驟:

    1. 避免各含量高的食物.
    2. 避免飲用含鉻飲料或添加鉻,如chromium picolinate, chromium polynicotinate, chromium chloride, 及含鉻酵母。避免所有罐頭食物.
    3. 不要用不鏽鋼廚具烹煮酸性食物,應用含鋁廚具.
    4. 動物食物一般含有鉻較高,加工肉類尤其如此。
    5. Staple foods like cereals and milk are low in chromium. Flour contains low chromium. Thus these items can be consumed. Diets high in simple sugars are not only low in chromium but also increase chromium excretion from the body through urine. Refined sugar is low in chromium.
    6. Vegetables, except those which are rated high in chromium, can be consumed. Pulses, potatoes, garlic, tomatoes, spices, etc. are important part of Indian dishes and should be used in moderation if cannot be totally avoided.
    7. 食用新鮮水果,但葡萄、柳橙、蘋果、香蕉含有鉻較高,勿食用大量.
    8. 少喝茶、咖啡,或稀釋再喝.
    9. 避免喝硬水.


     

    張貼日期:2009/8/16